Grammar desk
Short reference pages that sit beside the courses. Open a topic, then go back to the matching chapter and practise it.
A1
Articles & gender
Every noun has der, die or das. Learn the word with its article.
A1
Verb-second word order
In a main clause the conjugated verb is in position two.
A2
Perfekt (spoken past)
haben/sein + participle at the end. Movement often takes sein.
A2
Modal verbs
können, müssen, wollen, sollen, dürfen, möchten + infinitive at the end.
B1
Accusative, dative & two-way prepositions
Case marks the role of the noun. Two-way prepositions change with movement vs location.
B1
Subordinate clauses
weil, dass, wenn, obwohl send the conjugated verb to the end.
B2
Passive voice
werden + participle for a process; sein + participle for a resulting state.
B2
Konjunktiv II
Wishes, hypotheticals, and politeness: würde, wäre, hätte, könnte.
B2
Relative clauses
der/die/das agree with the noun; case follows the role inside the clause.
C1
Nominal style & academic caution
Official and academic German packs verbs into nouns. Unpack when you need to persuade.