Missing pieces

Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Politeness: study the new material first, then practise.

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Grammar

Articles: der, die, das

der = masculine, die = feminine, das = neuter. Learn the article with the noun.
In the nominative plural, the article is always die.
würde + infinitive is the default for most verbs. sein → wäre, haben → hätte, können → könnte, müssen → müsste.